Hookworms in dogs

The species involved

The main canine hookworm is Ancylostoma caninum, a vigorous blood feeder found in warmer regions. Ancylostoma braziliense and Uncinaria stenocephala (the northern hookworm, common in cooler climates and a lighter feeder) also affect dogs.

How dogs get infected

• Swallowing larvae from contaminated soil or while grooming the paws
• Larvae penetrating the skin directly
• Through the mother's milk — a major route that can infect a whole litter
• Eating a paratenic host such as a rodent

Signs to watch for

Pale gums, dark tarry stool, weight loss, a dull coat and weakness. Puppies may fail to thrive and can develop dangerous anemia quickly. Adult dogs sometimes show few signs while still shedding eggs.

See the full symptom guide

Treatment & control

Fenbendazole and pyrantel pamoate are first-line; many monthly heartworm preventives containing milbemycin or moxidectin also control hookworms. Puppies need early, repeated deworming, and the dam should be treated alongside the litter.